The Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Financial Reporting

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Financial Reporting

Corporate Financial Reporting is part of corporate reporting that consist of financial statements and accompanying notes that are prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The financial statements are summaries of business transactions during the financial year of the corporation. The business world has many forms of organizations ranging from the for profit sole proprietorship, partnership and incorporated businesses with limited liability to the not for profit organizations whose existence is not mainly driven by financial gain.

Regulations that govern the preparation of financial statements largely apply only to the incorporated entities. This has given rise to accounting standards setting bodies and legal provisions that form the frameworks used when preparing the financial statements. The process of preparing the reports in accordance with the GAAP and legal requirements presents advantages and disadvantages to the organizations and to other interested groups. The International Financial Reporting Standards are increasingly being adopted by many national accounting standards setting bodies leading the way to a single set of accounting standards all over the world. It is therefore worthwhile to look at the advantages and disadvantages of financial reporting to create an awareness of the complexities that corporations and accounting professionals contend with.

THE ADVANTAGES

A number of advantages of corporate financial reporting can be enumerated and sometimes among the most important is that organizations are able to compare their individual performance with others in the same industry or line of business. This is due to the established principles, standards and regulations ensuring that there is a benchmark to be followed in the preparation of financial reports. Recognition of income, expense, assets and liabilities is standardized by the existing framework and any deviation can be counted with clinical or legal action. Organizations strive to prepare their financial statements to closely match the set frameworks as as much as possible. In some countries for example Kenya, this has been translated into an annual competition (the fire award) where companies performance in this area is assessed by professional bodies including the national accounting professionals body with the aim of awarding the company with the best prepared financial statements . This in turn promotes staff and professional development which is a desirable aspect in the growth and wealth creation of the corporate organizations.

Investors and owners of companies in jurisprudence where corporate financial reporting follows strong established and clear frameworks can make the appropriate investment decisions. Corporate reporting in this case enhances the development of understanding of the activities of the companies and at the same time keeps the companies themselves on their toes as the wider society is well-informed of the expected reporting standards. This also acts as an incentive to managers to perform at their best and to institute control measures that aid the organization to comply with the frameworks.

Requirements of corporate financial reporting lead to timely preparation of financial reports. This is desirable to the quakeholders who may be more interested in the organizations immediate past than wait for a long time before the output of their input is known. When financial reports are prepared and published within the stipulated time, it is possible for necessary actions to be taken to correct any anomalies that may have led to undesirable outcomes. In a more serious case where a material error happens to be discovered, it can be corrected and the necessary measures taken to avoid a repeat of such occurrences.

IFRS give room for flexibility as they are based on principles rather than rules. As principles are based on value, corporations can adopt the standards that best suit their circumstances as long as fair value is appropriately reported. This also encourages professional development as accounting standards setting requires qualified academics who can develop the required standards after lengthy and rigorous discussions and considerations to come to a consensus.

Overall, corporate financial reporting acts as a control measure as management, owners, employees, customers, creditors and the government are dependent on the reports in their decision-making. For instance the government in taxation of companies relating at the outset on the financial reports prepared and examined by qualified public or certified professionals. Trends on the growth of the companies can also be quickly determined by comparing sets of reports for different periods.

THE DISADVANTAGES

Corporate financial reporting does not bring desirable results only. There are some undesirable consequences that should be mitigated against. The consideration of cost guides many companies in their operation. In preparing corporate financial reports in accordance with laid down standards and rules, expertise is required and the company has to engage highly qualified professionals for this task. The fee payments to qualified professionals can be prohibiting especially to small companies controlled closely by their owner managers. Compared to larger companies the small entities do not have adequate resources to implement adoption of the standards or even to train or employ qualified staff. In many instances such small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are tempted to forgo compliance with certain aspects of the standards or rules leading to problems with regulatory bodies including the government.

Freedom to adopt standards that suit the particular circumstances of the company leads to manipulation of reports. Disclosure of important information is in prisony as there is no legal enforcement for implementing the standards. Even where the Government imposes legal obligations on what financial reports are to be prepared, there are still loopholes that can arise especially when the accounting standards and the legal stipulations are not in conformity in some areas.

For multinational companies, there are challenges in preparing their consolidated financial reports especially where operations are in countries with different accounting standards and legal regimes. There are also other challenges in dealing with for instance exchange rates, interest rates and transfer pricing where treatment of such aspects may be considered differently in different countries. Taxation and existence or non-existence of dual taxation treaties also poses another challenge.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that corporate financial reporting is essential and the gains following following accounting standards based on principles far outweigh the disadvantages as freedom to prepare reports in whatever way organizations deem appropriate may lead to financial chaos.

Impact Of Technology In Banking

Impact Of Technology In Banking

In the world of banking and finance nothing stands still. The biggest change of all is in the, scope of the business of banking. Banking in its traditional from is concerned with the acceptance of deposits from the customers, the lending of surplus of deposited money to suitable customers who wish to borrow and transmission of funds. Apart from traditional business, banks now a days provide a wide range of services to satisfy the financial and non financial needs of all types of customers from the smallest account holder to the largest company and in some cases of non customers. The range of services offered differs from bank to bank depending mainly on the type and size of the bank.

RESERVE BANK'S EARLY INITIATIVES

As a central bank in a developing country, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has adopted development of the banking and financial market as one of its prime objectives. "Institutional development" was the hallmark of this approach from 1950s to 1970s. In the 1980s, the Reserve Bank focused on "improvements in the productivity" of the banking sector. Being convinced that technology is the key for improving in productivity, the Reserve Bank took several initiatives to popularize usage of technology by banks in India.

Periodically, almost once in five years since the early 1980s, the Reserve Bank appointed committees and working Groups to deliberate on and recommend the appropriate use of technology by banks give the circumstances and the need. These committees are as follows:

-Rangarajan committee -1 in early 1980s.

-Rangarajan committee -11 in late 1980s.

-Saraf working group in early 1990s.

-Vasudevan working group in late 1990s.

-Barman working group in early 2000s.

Based on the recommendations of these committees and working groups, the Reserve Bank issued suitable guidelines for the banks. In the 1980s, usage of technology for the back office operations of the banks predominated the scene. It was in the form of accounting of transactions and collection of MIS. In the inter-bank payment systems, it was in the form of clearing and settlement using the MICR technology.

Two momentous decisions of the Reserve Bank in the 1990s changed the scenario for ever there are:

a) The prescription of compulsory usage of technology in full measure by the new private sector banks as a precondition of the license and

b) The establishment of an exclusive research institute for banking technology institute for development and Research in Banking Technology.

As the new private sector banks came on the scene as technology-savvy banks and offered several innovative products at the front office for the customers based on technology, the demonstration effect caught on the reset of the banks. Multi channel offerings like machine based (ATMs and pc-Banking), card based (credit/Debit/Smart cards), Communication based (Tele-Banking and Internet Banking) ushered in Anytime and Anywhere Banking by the banks in India. The IDRBT has been instrumental in establishing a safe and secure, state of the art communication backbone in the from of the Indian Financial NETwork (INFINET) as a closed user group exclusively for the banking and financial sector in India.

CHANGING FACE OF BANKING SERVICES

Liberalization brought several changes to Indian service industry. Probably Indian banking industry learnt a tremendous lesson. Pre-liberalization, all we did at a bank was deposit and withdraw money. Service standards were pathetic, but all we could do was grin and bear it. Post-liberalization, the tables have turned. It's a consumer oriented market there.

Technology is revolutionizing every field of human endeavor and activity. One of them is introduction of information technology into capital market. The internet banking is changing the banking industry and is having the major effects on banking relationship. Web is more important for retail financial services than for many other industries.

Retail banking in India is maturing with time, several products, which further could be customized. Most happening sector is housing loan, which is witnessing a cut-throat competition. The home loans are very popular as they help you to realize your most cherished dream. Interest rates are coming down and market has seen some innovative products as well. Other retail banking products are personal loan, education loan and vehicles loan. Almost every bank and financial institution is offering these products, but it is essential to understand the different aspects of these loan products, which are not mentioned in their colored advertisements.

PLASTIC MONEY

Plastic money was a delicious gift to Indian market. Giving respite from carrying too much cash. Now several new features added to plastic money to make it more attractive. It works on formula purchase now repay later. There are different facts of plastic money credit card is synonyms of all.

Credit card is a financial instrument, which can be used more than once to borrow money or buy products and services on credit. Banks, retail stores and other businesses generally issue these. On the basis of their credit limit, they are of different kinds like classic, gold or silver.

Charged cards-these too carry almost same features as credit cards. The fundamental difference is you can not defer payments charged generally have higher credit limits or some times no credit limits.

Debit cards-this card is may be characterized as accountholder's mobile ATM, for this you have to have account with any bank offering credit card.

Over the years, the banking sector in India has seen a no. of changes. Most of the banks have begun to take an innovative approach towards banking with the objective of creating more value for customers and consequently, the banks. Some of the significant changes in the banking sector are discussed below.

MOBILE BANKING

Taking advantages of the booming market for mobile phones and cellular services, several banks have introduced mobile banking which allows customers to perform banking transactions using their mobile phones. For instances HDFC has introduced SMS services. Mobile banking has been especially targeted at people who travel frequently and to keep track of their banking transaction.

RURAL BANKING

One of the innovative scheme to be launched in rural banking was the KISAN CREDIT CARD (KCC) SCHMME started in fiscal 1998-1999 by NABARD. KCC mode it easier for framers to purchase important agricultural inputs. In addition to regular agricultural loans, banks to offer several other products geared to the needs of the rural people.

Private sector Banks also realized the potential in rural market. In the early 2000's ICICI bank began setting up internet kiosks in rural Tamilnadu along with ATM machines.

NRI SERVICES

With a substantial number of Indians having relatives abroad, banks have begun to offer service that allows expatriate Indians to send money more conveniently to relatives India which is one of the major improvements in money transfer.

E-BANKING

E-Banking is becoming increasingly popular among retail banking customers. E-Banking helps in cutting costs by providing cheaper and faster ways of delivering products to customers. It also helps the customer to choose the time, place and method by which he wants to use the services and gives effect to multichannel delivery of service by the bank. This E-Banking is driven by twin engine of "customer-pull and Bank-push".

CONCLUSION

Technology has been one of the most important factors for the development of mankind. Information and communication technology is the major advent in the field of technology which is used for access, process, storage and dissemination of information electronically. Banking industry is fast growing with the use of technology in the from of ATMs, on-line banking, Telephone banking, Mobile banking etc., plastic card is one of the banking products that cater to the needs of retail segment has seen its number grow in geometric progression in recent years. This growth has been strongly supported by the development of in the field of technology, without which this could not have been possible of course it will change our lifestyle in coming years.

Xamarin: The Next Big Thing in Mobile App Development

Xamarin: The Next Big Thing in Mobile App Development

Since Microsoft announced its acquisition of Xamarin, the mobile app development turned its head towards the relative clan of the most popular app development across platforms. The fact that Xamarin's products were used by 1 million developers across 120 countries is an absolute testament to why is the next big thing in mobile app development.

To a novice, it is just another mobile platform like Native or Hybrid, for developing apps using C #. But for Top Mobile App Development Companies, it is a godsend to developers. In fact, Xamarin has taken hybrid and cross-platform development to a whole new level and is capable of combining all the platforms (Android, iOS, Windows or Hybrid and Cross-platform) into a single mobile application using the same code.

Xamarin: What is it?

Xamarin is a product that works on .NET and C # to produce original native Android and iOS apps with the same functions. It is a Microsoft-owned code language which uses the cross implementation of the Common Language Specification (CLS) and Common Language Infrastructure (CLI).

Technically speaking, it is the shared code base which makes it possible to combine all platforms into one single app. Xamarin shares the C # code base for development. Using the code base, Top App Developers in India develop apps for native Android, iOS, Windows, Cross-Platform and Hybrid platforms and share them across multiple platforms.

Xamarin: Why is it important?

Let's say you have developed and launched a native android app and over a period of time, it has become a huge success in the app market. What will be your next move? iOS platform ??

Why begin from the scratch when you can avail the shared codebase of Xamarin which can help you develop apps across multiple platforms.

The added advantage of Xamarin is that it can provide Microsoft-owned products like Visual Studio and NuGet, and integrates .NET portable class libraries for coding. It also allows the developers to add the component to their apps straight from the IDE. Backends like Azure, Salesforce, SAP and Parse can also be integrated within the app. In fact, Xamarin offers the best of both the worlds - Native Java Code Ability and Code Re-usability.

Xamarin: Products

Top Mobile App Development Companies absolutely pleasing on Xamarin's product is no surprise! Enriched application tools and integrated component store make it much easier for the developers to deal with. Xamarin.Forms, Xamarin Test Cloud, Xamarin for Visual Studio, Xamarin Studio, Xamarin.Mac, .Net Mobility Scanner and RoboVM are the products offered by Xamarin (Microsoft-owned).

Xamarin is one the best mobile app development platforms. Looking forward to developing a Xamarin App?

Find the best team of technical developers who have developed multiple Xamarin apps across Android, iOS and Windows platforms.

The Best Android Phones That Are Different From What You Were Told

The Best Android Phones That Are Different From What You Were Told

Inarguably, you can find various kinds of cell phones on the market today. You have probably heard or used Blackberry, Pearl, the iPhone and Android cell phones. Being unknown to many people, Google's Android phones have been great and widely distributed all over the market. Among the available options in today's App stores, how would you even know the best Android phones?

Why Android Devices Are popular

As noted earlier on, Android mobile phones have scheduled the market because there are many cell phone manufacturers that make use of the Android OS in their phones. Typically, the best Android phones are as good and perfect as some other high-end smart phones on the market.

Best Android Phones

Here are some of the best Android phones you can buy from your seller:

* Sony Ericsson

The model Xperia X10 Mini is a very popular and powerful Android device; it is a compressed lightweight version of the original model it takes after. That's why it's being referred to as a mini phone. It operates on Android 1.6, being paired with the Ericsson's UX interface. The touch screen is 2 in inches big. It has a camera of 5 megapixels and a headphone jack for your earpiece.

* Motorola Cliq

This is just one of the Motorola models that run with the Android OS. You can buy it via T-Mobile. The device has a slide-out keypad. More so, it is in high demand today because users can keep long logs of their e-mails, text messages as well as updates of their social networking activities. For instance, you can use Motorola Cliq to maintain an up-to-date Facebook and Twitter pages. Even, you can remotely access the data you have on the phone.

* Acer Phone

Acer Liquid is often overlooked as one of the best Android phones. The device uses Android 2.1 OS and a snapdragon processor; it has a touch screen interface, Wi-Fi functionality, a 5 megapixels camera, a GPS feature, a headphone jack and a microphone jack. You can easily make or receive hands-free calls anytime.

Indeed, choosing one of the best Android phones will make life easier and comfortable for you. You can access the Internet with ease to read your e-mails, connect with friends or have a video conference. Beside, you can play your favorite games in your leisure time. There is no limit to what you can do with these types of cellular gadgets.

How Men and Women Communicate

How Men and Women Communicate

Research has shown that the communication styles of men and women differ significantly. This difference will help a couple manage their finances more effectively and achieve goals more efficiently. Unfortunately, these advantages are not experienced by all men and women. The compatibility might not arise in daily interactions because both are more consumed by their differences and both do not experience the advantages of cooperation.

Men are more inclined to express their needs, interests, and wants and then wait until others do the same things. Women, in turn, are inclined to ask or end their sentences with a question. This will often lead men to guess what their female partner wants. Women will gently give answers without expressing what they exactly want.

Men talk and interrupt much more whereas women like to react on something said by others and often do not come back to the topic at hand after being interrupted.

Men talk about money in a competitive way: "My investment in the stock market went up." On the other hand women do not talk about money in a competitive way. They even try to avoid the subject of money in their conversations.

Let have a closer look at the different characters of men and women.

Character of Men

Men like to talk about impersonal topics and rarely admit having financial problems and need help to solve them. They are inclined to emphasize the joys of freedom from obligations and make decisions without consulting their partner. Men like to go straight to the point of the problem or do an important thing to achieve their goals. For instance, men go to the toilet to deliver something. On the other hand, women use the toilet to powder their noses, gossip and hang around. Obviously women consider the toilet to be a multi functional room.

When communicating, men like to start talking about a problem at hand and focus on it whereas women do the opposite. This is caused by the fact that men have a mono-tracking brain causing them to be able to focus on one topic of conversation. When the conversation touches many other topics and drags on, they will stop absorbing relevant information. Women are much better to engage in conversations covering many topics because they have multi-tracking brains.

How to Communicate with Men

The character of men is stiffer compared to women and this must be understood during conversations. Avoid communication styles which are not to the point. This will not impress them and they will think badly about their counterparts. So try speak to the point, analyze a problem thoroughly, avoid side tracking, use logic when expressing an opinion, avoid talking about other people, use simple words and a firm voice, appreciate them (start them ego), avoid belittling them with negative judgments, and avoid debts if possible. Use exact numbers when talking to men. By using a more rational style highlighting numbers and figures, men will be able to understand better. So when giving directions, avoid vague marks but give exact signs they can use to find their way.

Character of Women

There are huge differences between the characters of men and women. Women like to talk about themselves, their financial problems, and do not hesitate to ask for help if necessary. They do not consider that to be a burden. Thanks to their multi-tracking brain, women can talk about different topics in a fast way which is an amazing thing. Women like talk about other people. They can talk about others for hours with their female friends. The easily express their feelings and opinions. They value friendship a lot and will ask for help and guidance from their friends. They are less independent in decision making and need the help of men in this respect.

Women like to hear nice words which sound like music in their ears. They discuss sensitive issues indirectly and use imaginary examples to discuss a problem. However, they are good listeners and it is difficult to accuse them of lying. Women are superb in detecting sincerity of others through their body language and tone of voice. For this reason, men like to lie through the phone which is much safer!

How to Communicate with Women

Women with all their beauty are much more sensitive than men and have many other superior practices which all require a gentle approach. When we make a mistake it is going to be difficult to fix it. When communicating with women try to avoid being to the point, talk about social things and daily life to attract their attention, use gentle and civilized words, use social and psychological words, use moderate tone of voice, and use decent and focused body language. It is possible to emphasize some topics, but avoid statistics, numbers and other exact data. Use a warm and friendly psychological approach. Appreciate them by praising all women in general. Of course compliment their clothes and accessories at the start of conversation. Women like to form friendships instead of cold and stiff business relationships.

They like to foster long-term relationships and unlike men, they do not like to look at relationships with a cost-benefit approach. When giving directions do it like this: "The address you are looking for is nor far from here. You just need to pass McDonald's on your left and the building you are looking for is just in front of you." There are no exact numbers in this explanation and this will be much better understood by women than men.

Mobile 3D Game Development and the Mobile Gaming Experience

Mobile 3D Game Development and the Mobile Gaming Experience

Mobile 3D game development is a lucrative portion of the app industry, since it compacts almost 70% of all mobile applications. This growth has been accelerated with the arrival of smartphones and tablets in the world market. Reputed companies that develop such software taking gaming to a new level in this domain through a variety of platforms and with the usage of latest technology.

Market intelligence company Juniper Research explains that as per its recent report, smartphones and tablets would be major devices through which apps will be purchased in the future. As per the company, 64.1 billion smart device game app downloads would take place during 2017, which is much higher than the 21 billion figure that was achieved in 2012. This clearly shows that the mobile sectos is expected to continue growing at a frenetic pace.

Apart from the above, Juniper also anticipates that cloud technology will play a major role in supporting the operations of multi-platform games, as per author Siân Rowlands. These should include a big chunk of 3D games. To provide the best gaming experience, phone device memory continues to rise, resulting in better graphics. Hand-held video game consoles such as 3DS are clearly being affected by the increase in smartphones and tablets. This can be proven by this fact that Nintendo has cut its forecast for 3DS sales by 14 percent.

Through some more statistics, it can be observed that the market for mobile gaming is rising fast. iOS and Android are the main platforms used for the same, followed by others such as Windows. Different categories for gaming are puzzles, platform and tile-based ones, 2D RPG, strategy and racing. Mobile game development companies have experience developers who create J2ME games with the help of their SDKs. Mobile games on this platform are faster than others.

As a general rule, developers need to be aware of the device for which they are creating games and incorporated features accordingly. The game operates on the basis of the processor and its speed, according to which features should be incorporated. Such software creation requires detailed coding to be undertaken at every stage. Testing and debugging are also equally important.

One platform that is commonly used for creation of play software is Unity. With it, cross-platform games for both Android and iOS can be created free of cost. Smartphones, PCs and tablets can also benefit from these software, which was not freely available earlier. Making it free has increased the number of developers for the same.

Due to such accelerated growth, experienced mobile game developers are very in demand. Before giving the responsibility of creation to a company, it must be ensured that designers and programmers are appropriately trained and have previously worked on gaming development.

Tips to Upgrade the Android App and Game Development Process

Tips to Upgrade the Android App and Game Development Process

An Android application is a software application running on the Android stage. Since the Android platform is built for mobile devices, a typical Android application is specifically intended & designed for a Smartphone or a tablet PC running on the Android OS. In spite of the fact that an Android application can be made accessible by designers through their websites, most Android applications are uploaded and distributed on the Android Market, an online store specifically devoted to these applications. The Android Market highlights both free and evaluated (priced) applications.

Android Mobile applications are composed in the Java programming dialect and utilize Java center (core) libraries. They are first compiled to Dalvik executables ie codes to keep running on the Dalvik virtual machine, which is a virtual machine exceptally intended for mobile devices. Designers may download the Android software development kit (SDK) from the Android site. The SDK incorporates devices, test code and pertinent documents for making Android applications.

Beginner level developers who basically need to play around with Android programming can make utilization of the App Inventor. Utilizing this online application, a client (user) can develop an Android Application as though assembling bits of an astound. The official dialect for Android enhancement is Java. Huge parts of Android are composed in Java and its APIs are intended to be called essentially from Java. It is conceivable to create C and C ++ application utilizing the Android Native Development Kit (NDK), in any case it is not something that Google advances. Android software development is the procedure by which new applications are made for gadgets running the Android operating system.

Video Game Development is the way towards making a computer game. The effort is embroidered by a game developer, who may go from an individual to a universal group scattered over the globe. Conventional business PC and comfort console games are ordinarily supported and funded by a distributor (publisher), and can take quite a long while to achieve completion. Games are created through the software development process. Games are produced as an imaginative outlet and to create and generate benefit.

A game development tool is a specific programming application that helps or encrypts the making of a computer game. A few undertakings taken care of by devices incorporating the transformation of benefits into groups required by the amusement, level altering and content aggregation. All game development devices are developed by the developer. A game development tool is a particular programming application that helps or encrypts the making of a computer game. A few undertakings taken care of by devices incorporating the transformation of advantages, (for example, 3D models, surfaces, and so on.) Into designs required by the diversion, level altering and content aggregation.

All game development tools are created by the designer custom for one game, or by a support producer, (for example, Nintendo or Microsoft) as a component of game development kit. Despite the fact that tools may be re-utilized for later games, they are quite often begin as an asset for a solitary game.

Various tools can be utilized to help game development. Regular designers & developers utilize tools to change over 3D display organizations and realistic picture positions into custom configurations (however, progressively, merchants and exporters handle these undertakings).